Historic Caissons Carry Soldiers home

April 17, 2023

These patriots will move heaven and earth to bury these guys.

The week leading up to the events for the Camden Burials, volunteers from Georgia, Tennessee, Virginia, and even as far as Ohio, will be traveling to the town of Camden to lend their time, experience, and resources to properly honor and lay to rest the fourteen soldiers’ remains. While it is an effort that does not go unnoticed, these volunteers are not doing it for the glory, they are doing it for the original veterans of this country and because they believe it is the right thing to do. 


Steve Riggs, a seventy-one-year-old veteran himself, is overseeing the coordination of the funeral cortege and the horse-drawn caissons carrying the fourteen soldiers’ remains to the funeral service. Rigg’s recalls when he was contacted about assisting with the funeral procession that there was not one moment of hesitation. 


“It’s something that must be done. I have made this commitment. This is not a reenactment; these are fourteen real men. We are burying twelve American soldiers, two British who have been missing in action for 233 years. We are bringing them home.” Riggs continues solemnly, “And I don’t want them to be lost for another two hundred years. We are burying war dead. These are guys who died to give us our freedom. I served to keep our freedom. These guys gave it to us.”


Riggs has been volunteering his time and resources for the past thirty years performing funeral processions with horse drawn caissons- something that exists in roughly five places around the country. Riggs has helped bury the crews from the Hunley, General Pulaski in Savannah, Strom Thurmond, and Captain Kimberly Hampton (the first female pilot in the United States military to be killed in action) to name a few of the many ceremonies he has contributed towards. 


However, in all the years of experience this is a first for Riggs finding himself with the honor to organize a military funeral cortege for the first veterans of our country. He has called upon people from all over, past buddies of his he has met over the course of years doing war re-enactments and through his contacts volunteering with the South Carolina National Guard to conduct funerals for those in the military and public service.


One of these friends is Paul Rice, a Civil War re-enactor, Rice is coming down from Roanoke, Virginia with a group of about fifteen volunteers, two limbers, two caissons, six harnesses, and at least eight horses. Rice’s contribution is one of a few others that will make the military caisson funeral procession possible. 


There will be four groups total in the procession, three pulling the twelve American soldiers and one pulling the two British soldiers. Those pulling the American soldiers will don 1924 US army mounted artillery uniforms and those pulling the British will wear World War I British uniforms. There are six horses to a group, each row has one rider and one riderless horse. The horses pull a limber behind them which in turn pulls the caisson that the soldiers’ coffins will lay atop. In the case of the two British, they will be carried atop a gun carriage. 


Riggs explained that the British do not use caissons in their military funerals and that the tradition began by soldiers placing their wounded on the caissons during battle for transport off the field. In each group there will be a seventh horse untethered with a rider that leads the group, known as the chief of caisson or chief of peace, respective to the caisson or gun carriage. 

While Riggs and Rice both have experience using a caisson in re-enactments, Riggs hopes that everyone present for the funeral procession does not forget that these are soldiers who were once alive and breathing and now are being laid to rest. He also recognizes the feat of pulling off a funeral cortege with horse-drawn caissons of this magnitude is not something he could do alone. 


“I am heading up the program, but I can’t do it, really, without all my friends. They’re the heroes. They’re the guys who are coming to help me do this because it means something to them,” Riggs shares, “To me that’s the story: across America the word went out that we had fourteen Revolutionary soldiers who died for their country that need to be reburied. Who will come help us? And these guys all raised their hands. These patriots will move heaven and earth to bury these guys. That to me is the miracle.”


Over two hundred and thirty years later veterans and patriots alike are coming together to bring these men home, so that they may finally find a place for their souls to rest. 


June 29, 2026
Archaeologists Dr. Steve Smith and Jim Legg worked to find artifacts to tell the story at the Camden Battlefield for over 20 years. They knew the grave was there. The final one to complete the project. Hits from metal detectors again revealed they were in the right place. The grave site was slowly excavated, and hours ran into days. As the grave opening was expanded, the revelation was solemn. Not one, not two, but a total of five soldiers in a grave only about 14 inches deep and no more than four feet wide. They were known as Camden 9A through 9E. Continental USA buttons and other artifacts proved which side they were on. Forensic Anthropologists, Dr. Madeline Atwell and Dr. Bill Stevens meticulously worked to recover the remains, which were removed to the Richland County Coroner’s office. More forensics study was done, and the potential for DNA evidence was contemplated. The late Doug Bostick, Executive Director/CEO of the South Carolina Battleground Preservation Trust, started this amazing journey. His concept to protect and preserve soldiers from graves that were threatened by erosion and other hazards led to the project in the Fall of 2022. The initial plan was to excavate six grave sites. Ultimately, eight grave sites were found and excavated, revealing 14 soldiers. Each was unknown. Artifacts showed the army for which they fought. Possible brigade-sized units were surmised from the location of their graves on the battlefield. They were honored in April 2023 at Bethesda Presbyterian Church in Camden, and at the battlefield where about 400 of their comrades in arms still lie in shallow, unmarked graves. The Continentals now lie at rest in the Presbyterian Burial Grounds, managed by the historic Quaker Cemetery in Camden. And beneath the marble headstones marked “Unknown,” they waited. The Historic Camden Foundation, under Cary Briggs and Stacey Ferguson, led the efforts to determine whether the DNA could possibly be used to determine the identity of any of the recovered soldiers. They contracted Allison Peacock of FHD Forensics and her team to work their genetic and genealogy magic. And it worked. An identity was proven, and an anxious family awaited the official word. And when the word did come, the team effort that made this possible coalesced for the next step in the journey: Rick Wise traveled to Maryland to tell the descendants about their ancestor’s steps and sacrifice during the Revolutionary War. In an emotional address to the family, Wise emphasized the gravity of the moment, noting that it was the first time in nearly 246 years that his name, Private John Pumphrey, was spoken out loud for his relatives to hear his name. Tears flowed from relatives as Wise detailed the harrowing experiences of Pumphrey and the Maryland troops, who marched on battlefields and sites that echo with history: Brandywine, Germantown, Valley Forge, Monmouth Courthouse, and Camden. Wise illustrated their courage in how Pumphrey and his comrades held the line against overwhelming odds at Camden . He characterized their actions as selfless sacrifice, intended to secure the freedoms enjoyed not by themselves, but by generations of Americans, including ours today. The successful DNA identification of Private Pumphrey is a crucial breakthrough, allowing historians and the family to trace his specific journey to the Battle of Camden . Private John Pumphrey is representative of all those who remain in shallow, unmarked graves across the hallowed grounds of the Camden Battlefield. As we approach the 250th Anniversary of America and the Declaration of Independence, let us say a prayer for our first Veterans, who lie in hallowed grounds across our original 13 colonies, who gave their all for a new nation not yet realized, the United States of America.
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